![]() ![]() On June 1, 1921, white residents of Tulsa, Oklahoma, ignited two days of unparalleled racial violence against the town's prosperous African American community, following the accusation that a Black man had attempted to rape a white woman. It remains the deadliest recorded act of racial aggression in U.S. The Massacre of Black Wall Street was another historic event that caused enduring damage – both economically and psychologically – to the African American community. ![]() This was two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation, which is commonly cited in history books as the end of slavery. On June 19, 1865, Union soldiers entered Galveston, Texas, with news that the Civil War had ended and that the enslaved were free. Juneteenth is the day that all slaves were freed in the United States. We are especially reminded of this trauma during the month of June, which marks the anniversary of Juneteenth and the Massacre of Black Wall Street. ![]() highlights the entrenched trauma that African Americans have experienced and carried across generations. The recent civil unrest in response to ongoing racial injustice in the U.S. By Monica Hinton, a social worker at Sharp McDonald Center and president of the San Diego Chapter of the Association of Black Psychologists (ABPsi). ![]()
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